Refrigerant Gases

General aspects

  • Freezing point. Must be lower than any temperature existing in the system to avoid freezing in the evaporator.
  • Latent heat in evaporation. Must be as high as possible so that a small amount of liquid can absorb a large amount of heat.
  • Specific volume. Specific volume must be as low as possible in order to avoid bulky equipment in aspiration and compression lines.
  • Density. Must be high in order to use small liquid lines.
  • Condensation temperature must be as low as possible at maximum working pressure.
  • Boiling temperature, relatively low at close to atmospheric pressure.
  • Critical point: as high as possible.
  • Liquids must not be flammable, corrosive or toxic.
  • Because they must interact with compressor lubricants, must be miscible in the liquid phase and innocuous when combined with oil.
  • Refrigerants are used in many systems to cool the compressor motor -normally an electrical engine- so they must be good dielectric substances, meaning with low electricity conducting properties.